Path: bloom-beacon.mit.edu!senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!faqserv From: ld231782@longs.LANCE.ColoState.edu (L. Detweiler) Newsgroups: alt.whistleblowing,news.answers,alt.answers Subject: alt.whistleblowing FAQ v1.1 (Jan 94) Supersedes: Followup-To: poster Date: 2 Apr 1994 10:55:55 GMT Organization: TMP Enterprises Lines: 699 Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu Expires: 28 May 1994 10:55:19 GMT Message-ID: Reply-To: ld231782@longs.LANCE.ColoState.edu NNTP-Posting-Host: bloom-picayune.mit.edu Summary: How to `blow the whistle' effectively. Whistleblower resources. Group charter and content. Posting to the group anonymously. X-Last-Updated: 1994/01/25 Originator: faqserv@bloom-picayune.MIT.EDU Xref: bloom-beacon.mit.edu alt.whistleblowing:411 news.answers:17205 alt.answers:2299 Archive-name: whistleblowing Last-modified: 1994/1/24 Version: 2.0 alt.whistleblowing FAQ ====================== Compiled by L. Detweiler 1. What is the alt.whistleblowing charter? 2. What are guidelines for posting to alt.whistleblowing? 3. What are guidelines for being an effective whistleblower? 4. What are resources for whistleblowers on government abuse? 4.1 Project on Government Oversight (Prev: Gov't Accountability Project) 4.2 NETRESULTS (sillyregs email hotline) 4.3 FOIA as a tool for inquiry - Gilmore FOIA kit 4.4 Transparency International - Addressing Corruption in Business 5. What about boycotts? 6. How do I post to alt.whistleblowing anonymously? 7. How is alt.whistleblowing (in)vulnerable? 8. Is alt.whistleblowing being archived? 9. What is the history of alt.whistleblowing? a. Most Wanted list b. Change History c. Quotes * * * 1. What is the alt.whistleblowing charter? > Scattered across Usenet are many serious claims and accusations > levelled against individuals or organizations, alluded by the term > `whistleblowing'. The creation of this group is sought in the > spirit that it is not a crime to expose wrongdoing, but that it is > a courageous, glorious, commendable, and exceedingly dangerous > pursuit. > > Scientific fraud, government abuse, and commercial illegalities are > some relevant topics. Wholly personal attacks are inappropriate. > The group is not any different than any other Usenet group in that > it will be awash in useless froth, and the reader must judge for > himself the veracity of the claims, and posters must exercise > caution or may find their postings coming back to haunt them. > However, it is being created in the hope that many serious and > significant issues will be brought forth within, with potentially > positive `real world' effects, and that conscientious news > administrators will faithfully resist the inevitable misguided > attacks on this impartial forum and neutral medium. Other suggestions on group content have been made: * A support group & resource compilation for whistleblowers. * A place to forward whistleblowing claims from elsewhere on Usenet and the mainstream media for debate. * Forum for discussing the veracity of claims and possibly even rebuttals by involved participants. * Formulating appropriate responses to abuses, e.g. boycotts. 2. What are guidelines for posting to alt.whistleblowing? Whistleblowers -------------- - Give as much unbiased, verifiable information as possible. An underlying tone of `this just doesn't sound right to me, what do you folks think' will always limit the flames. - Avoid mentioning offenders' names if possible. Give as much information as possible without getting personal. Save it for later postings or possibly email. - In general, someone may be able to get in touch with you and help you without you posting extremely sensitive information, and the revelation of the sensitive information itself prior to a critical time may be damaging to your cause. Try to sort out what is relevant to your public posting and what should be kept private or for a laywer. - Avoid posting anonymously. Many people have a built-in prejudice against anonymous postings that seriously or disastrously affects their ability to judge them impartially. - Give the offenders room to explain questionable situations, and attempt to give them the `benefit of the doubt' as much as possible. An aborted or unsuccessful whistleblowing attempt is at the least extremely embarrassing and at the most extremely damaging. - Try to avoid posting highly-personal and highly-localized cases. Instead, focus on the most critical and universal aspects of your experiences. Respondents ----------- - Attempt to resolve the veracity of postings impartially and unemotionally. - Attempt to help the whistleblower ameliorate their situation where possible. Remember, they are taking great risk in posting and may be disillusioned, alienated, and lonely, or desperate. - Do not demean a whistleblowing experience. Remeber that for the poster the subject is extremely sensitive. - It is a common tactic or `defense mechanism' for someone who is accused in a whistleblowing case to try to discredit the source of the whistleblowing. If you focus on this ad hominem approach rather than a factual content-oriented one you draw suspicion to your own position, so avoid it. - Do not attack a poster solely based on their possible anonymity or reluctance to reveal other sensitive information. 3. What are guidelines for being an effective whistleblower? From Mark Burns : > Some general guidelines which I dug out of my notes from a Public > Administration ethics seminar: > > (1) have a CLEAR MESSAGE rather than a generalized grievance > (2) focus on the DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION rather than on your > personal situation (where possible) > (3) USE INTERNAL CHANNELS FIRST (unless your immediate supervisor > is the perpetrator) > (4) AVOID RUMOR, VERIFY INFORMATION > (5) take into account the LIKELIHOOD OF FAILURE and THE EVENT'S > SIGNIFICANCE > (6) remember that SOME DISCLOSURES MAY BE REQUIRED BY LAW > (7) consider carefully the FORMAT OF THE DISCLOSURE (public, > private, etc.) > (8) AVOID PERSONAL ATTACKS (love the sinner, hate the sin) > (9) AVOID ANONIMITY IF POSSIBLE (encourages careful thought, > increases accountability) > (10) DO NOT EMBELLISH OR DRAMATIZE > (11) NEVER ASSUME YOU ARE "OFF THE RECORD" > (12) look at your MOTIVES > (13) be PREPARED TO LIVE WITH THE CONSEQUENCES > > The professor [for the course] was Dalmas H. Nelson in the > Political Science Department at the University of Utah. He did > not refer to a specific source for that particular info but his > reader included an excerpt from Terry L. Cooper & N. Dale Wright, > eds., _Exemplary Public Administrators: Character and Leadership > in Government_ (Jossey-Bass 1992)(see Chapter 12 by April > Hejka-Ekins titled _Marie Ragghianti: Moral Courage in Exposing > Corruption_). I think the list was composed from various readings > that he had come across over the years. From Greg Welch : > I have summarized (below) the general thoughts that I had on "What > to do & where to turn", thoughts that I compiled from personal > experiences and from books/publications I have read. > > Note that in general, I believe the situation most "ethical > disenters" find themselves in is very dichotomous. On the one > hand, you must often follow some prescribed steps (e.g., corporate > procedures for venting concerns) which are designed to let people > know that there is a problem. While on the other hand you may (at > some point) want to "anonymously" blow the whistle (through an > organization such as "the project") in order to effect a change > without destroying your life. Obviously the balance of these two > concerns/actions is very difficult to maintain. > > My brief summary follows. Obviously the steps don't apply to > every situation, but they should give some ideas of what to do & > where to turn. > > (1) Exercise caution! > Sounds obvious, but disbelief at wrong-doings can often lead > us to say and do things that can get us into trouble, without > effecting any change! > > (2) Do your homework! > > (a) Contact "The Project" and request their publications on > whistleblowing, as well as adivice on your specific concern. > Know what you are getting into before you leap. > > (b) As much as possible, research the problem & the rules/laws > surrounding your concern. Even if your ethical concern seems > "black & white", preserve your credibility by knowing as much > as you possibly can about all aspects of the problem. Don't > allow them to discredit you as someone who "doesn't know what > he/she's talking about." > > (c) Educate yourself on any corporate procedures for venting > concerns. Most companies nowdays either must (e.g. defense > contractors) or want to have such procedures. Whistleblowers > have (in the past) been discredited for "not following the > procedures." For example, you vent your concerns publicly and > the corporate response is "we weren't aware of the problem, > he/she didn't follow the procedure for reporting it to the > appropriate people." > > (3) Follow (if possible and appropriate) any prescribed *internal* > procedures for reporting ethical concerns. > > A suggestion here is to consider whether or not the problem is > of the nature where you could "re-paint" a solution into > something that sounds appealing to your management. For example, > "I noticed that we seem to be having a lot of [part] defects > which are costing us money. I believe that if we would follow > better (in fact prescribed) test procedures we could reduce the > down-stream costs incurred by us." In other words, try to make > yourself seems a "good guy" rather than a "bad guy". You can > try to "win them over" with a positive attitude about improving > the procedures, morale, etc. Obviously this "ideal" approach may > not always work, but should you choose to anonymously blow the > whistle, you might want their memories of you to be that of an > enthusiastic employee rather than a whining pain in the ___ > (which would probably peg you as the whistleblower.) > > (4) Seek *external* assistance (from people in power) > > Organizations such as "the project" generally maintain > siginificant contacts with other professionals, politicians, > journalists, legal organizations, etc. Such an organization can > assist you in choosing and then working with such external > organizations/people in order to (possibly anonymously) correct > or publicize a problem. 4. What are resources for whistleblowers on government abuse? PGO === Project on Government Oversight 2025 I Street, NW Suite 1117 Washington, DC 20006 202-466-5539 `The Project' is a full-time non-profit organization that has existed for several years and was previously called the Government Accountability Project or GAP. They assist `whistleblowers' in correcting or exposing waste, fraud, abuse, etc. This organization has access to government officals (congressmen & women, etc.) as well as other legal & publicity entities. Their goal is to assist in addressing problems in the most effective manner. They are experienced in working quietly with people to accomplish as much as possible without causing one to become a `martyr' for the cause. When `quiet' is no longer appropriate, they will also help do whatever is necessary. The organization also maintains an extensive network of past whistleblowers, and experts in various fields ready to assist (e.g. with problems that are of a particular technical nature). GAP was started by Michael Cavallo, a wealthy businessman who created the agency to award a prize to a prominent whistleblower every year. In a past year the award went to Margaret O'Toole, who blew the whistle on David Baltimore and allegedly fraudulent data in a Science paper. Greg Welch is helping to get the Government Assets Project online to the internet and alt.whistleblowing. Send email to . Thanks to Greg Welch for contributions here. NETRESULTS (sillyregs email hotline) === Al Gore convened a panel of government and business officials to review federal regulations in 1993 called the National Performance Review. A subset of the team of people involved formed an `ex-officio' group called NETRESULTS to promote the results of NPR and encourage the push of the government into cyberspace. Gopher to cyfer.esusda.gov for more information on the efforts of the group and archives of past accomplishments. From the README file, obtained via a message to npr@ace.esusda.gov: Welcome to NETRESULTS, a virtual network of Vice President Al Gore's National Performance Review. NETRESULTS is an ex-officio "teamnet" born with the help of Jessica Lipnack and Jeffrey Stamps and encouraged by VP Al Gore. We are People networking with People and People Networks networking. Sometimes face to face - sometimes sharing electronic space - but bound together with a common cause for reinventing a government that works better and costs less - that's NETRESULTS. People in NETRESULTS function as independent people - not agencies. We have many leaders, typical of emerging teamnet organizations. We provide the voluntary links for many learning organizations across and up and down governmental agencies at many integrated levels. And when we come together *we share information*. And when we are apart *we share information - electronically*. We reject the premise that information is power. We believe that sharing information is power. If you would like to obtain one or several of the documents NPR and Netresults has posted on the Internet, send an e-mail containing the text "send netresults catalog" to: . You will automatically receive a return message containing a catalog of NPR documents and archives. One NPR success story is the `sillyregs hotline'. From the NPR FAQ: NPR used its embryonic electronic network to harvest silly regulations from the Federal Government in late September. Within 48 hours of a request from Elaine Kamarck, bulletin boards, forums, e-mail lists, electronic conferences, and news groups, came alive. Federal employees, civilian and military, and American citizens sent us their silly regulation anecdotes. Over 150 examples were received. The better examples were posted on the Federal Quality Institute bulletin board where they can be accessed both by the public and agency task groups implementing the President's Executive Order to reduce internal regulations by 50% over the next three years. By dennise@tmn.com (Dennis Egan) Fri, 8 Oct 93 02:05:57 EDT I'm the pied piper who brought this group into the internet with the vision that we might be able to cut through miles of red tape and share a medium of free discourse and conversations between public officials, acting on the level in their citizen capacity, and the people whom they serve. While the concept has been briefed to Al Gore, Phil Lader of OMB, and Michele Hunt of the Federal Quality Institute, and has gotten their blue seal stamp of approval, it is experimental and in its infant stage. I've tried to structure NETRESULTS as a virtual network so it can operate ex-officio. So this team of about 400 people, most who served on Al Gore's National Performance Review, are connecting and communicating electronically in a free association on the Internet...when hosted by on-line facilities such as FEDWORLD or Metanet, we form a core group around which public discourse can be held about the critical issues of the reinvention of governance. We've got over 100 "reinvention labs" trying new way to create a government that works better and costs less. I'm trying to get them hooked up electronically so that they can share ideas, experiences, and resources. Electronic town hall facilities are being used in increasing numbers across the country. Americans Communicating Electronically is a citizens' interest group dedicated to bringing Americans closer to their government through E Mail...contact ttate@esusda.gov for further details. We succeeded in providing over 1 million copies of Al Gore's Reinvention of Government Overview Report thanks to posting it on the Internet. My team was instrumental in posting the Clinton Health Care Plan's Congressional Briefing Package onto the Internet. NETRESULTS was asked through the Vice President's office to gather examples of silly regulations that would really emphasize to agencies the absolute necessity for regulation reform in concert with the President signing an Executive Order calling for the reduction of 50% of all regulations over the next three years. To preserve the ex-officio status of NETRESULTS, we have partnered up with the Federal Quality Institute, who are chartered for creating partnerships between the federal government and private sectors. I welcome your help and wisdom in this venture. I hope we can achieve enough momentum to open the doors of governance in this country, just a little wider. I hope that that momentum will be sufficient enougfh that other team members can keep the Regulation REform initiative rolling. I'd welcome your participation in NETRESULTS conferences anytime. FOIA === The FOIA request to the U.S. Government, or the Freedom of Information Act, is a powerful tool to be used by whistleblowers to pry information from an uncooperative government on given subjects. Numerous examples of media exposures are based on FOIA inquiries. One example was the use of the act by CPSR (Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility) to obtain information on the Clipper Chip. An excellent FOIA `kit' has been designed by J.Gilmore, cofounder of Sun and Cygnus Support, who with his lawyer Lee Tien have levelled many FOIA inquiries at the government particularly over Clipper and national security issues (such as the NSA). See soda.berkeley.edu:/pub/cypherpunks/misc/foia.kit.gz Transparency International Public Forum === TI_forum is a mailing list sponsored by Transparency International (TI). Its goal is to facilitate discussion about corruption, particularly in the arena of international business, and the role TI is to play. The list is moderated, but is open to all who wish to explore the problem of corruption. Practitioners, students, faculty, development workers (etc etc) are welcome. The list takes a multidisciplinary approach and welcomes all perspectives. The sharing of relevant papers, bibliographies, personal experiences, and activity announcements from distant locations are very appropriate and welcome. TI_forum is complemented by TI_press, which merely exists to distribute TI press releases and bulletins. If your interest is in discussion, subscribe to both. If you only want to keep up-to-date with TI activities, subscribe only to TI_press. To subscribe to these lists, simply send an e-mail message to: listserv@kabissa.com In the body of the message type: SUB TI_forum yourfirstname yourlastname or SUB TI_press yourfirstname yourlastname Moderator's Note: You will have to send TWO messages with these commands to subscribe to both. Also--This is NOT the L-Soft LISTSERV so some of the commands may be different. Owner: Tobias Eigen tobias.eigen@kabissa.com Phone: +1-202-298-8369 Fax/BBS: +1-202-342-7176 5. What about boycotts? Some group readers are interested in using the boycott as a response to a perceived innappropriate action by a company or agency. In general, because of its highly damaging potential, a boycott should be advocated and pursued only in the most extreme situations. Included are some references. _Boycott Action News_. Published quarterly by Co-op America, 2100 M ST NW, Washington DC 20037 in the form of a newsletter attached to the back of their magazine, _Co-op America Quarterly_. Subscriptions are $20/year. _BAN_ carries a summary of any boycott call they are asked to, without judging its sensibility. Boycotts are removed from the list if the organizers don't confirm them each quarter. Each boycott is listed by identifying the organizer, the allegation, the products affected, and the suggested protest. There's a section in which the target corporations deny the allegations. Allegations include environmental transgressions, labor and animal rights violations, weapons marketing, participation in South Africa, discrimination against gays and lesbians, and gross disrespect for minorities. _National Boycott News_ Institute for Consumer Responsibility. Todd Putnam, Publisher sells single issues for $10. 6506 28th AVE NE, Seattle WA 98115. (Thanks to cls@truffula.sj.ca.us (Cameron L. Spitzer) for contributing this section.) 6. How do I post to alt.whistleblowing anonymously? The anonymous server J. Helsingius in Finland has volunteered to support this group with his anonymous server. To send a message to the group anonymously, use the mailing address to: alt.whistleblowing@anon.penet.fi Your letter will be stripped of all headers (your email address, name, intermediate forwarding computers, etc.) before it is posted to the group. If this is your first time using the server you will automatically receive an introduction notice. The posting of the message to the newsgroup is also acknowledged. Warning: The extreme security of anonymous servers is untested. In particular, no legal warrants have been issued to anonymous server operators yet, so the outcome of that situation is unknown. In general the servers are sufficient for `casual' anonymity but do not place any extreme reliance on them. Newer systems with greater security are under development. J. Helisingius and anon.penet.fi are probably the most trustworthy and reliable administrator/site, but no guarantees are made. For more information on anonymous posting, see: The Anonymity FAQ, obtained via anonymous FTP to rtfm.mit.edu:/pub/usenet/news.answers/net-anonymity/ or newsgroups alt.privacy, alt.answers, news.answers every 21 days. 7. How is alt.whistleblowing (in)vulnerable? alt.whistleblowing is vulnerable in many ways: 1) Pressure on the site administrator of controversial posters to ban them, etc. This is well precedented. See the `Privacy & Anonymity on the Internet FAQ,' including documentation on Carl Kadie's CAF project and archives. 2) News operators limiting the propagation of the group, especially if it degenerates into negligible or completely unredeeming traffic. Again, the precedent is strong, especially for alt groups, which are far more fragile and tenuous than the `Big 7' (regular, standard) hierarchy. 3) Because of the subject, flame wars are especially likely to arouse vehement passions, especially due to `real-world' oriented content encouraged here. This has the tendency to increase incidents of 1 and 2 above. 4) `Cancel wars'. Again, there is a strong history of instances where individuals on Usenet unilaterally decide to cancel `offensive' postings they find personally objectionable. 5) Attacks on anonymous server operators. Again, ample precedent. The most critical anonymous posting site to date, anon.penet.fi, was restricted because of a poison letter from a `highly regarded net personality'. However, other corresponding aspects contribute to the invulnerability of alt.whistleblowing: 1) Overbearing administrators have sometimes been inundated by traffic from the electronic community condemning their actions and have relented. 2) Because of the inherently distributed and `anarchic' nature of Usenet, the effects of a few irrational local news administrators in restricting propagation tend to be negligible. 3) If enough people are extremely careful with their postings and tone herein, the traffic will remain robust, positive, and prolific. In particular, high-visibility posts by prominent citizens with positive `real world' (tm) effects will strengthen the medium and increase its credibility. 4) It is possible to monitor cancel messages to the control newsgroups, warn of their presence, or even ignore them on a local basis. 5) Despite screeching objections by some, anonymity appears to be extremely popular among the general cyberspatial user population and will probably continue to be supported by idealistic operators. New advances such as cryptographic packaging will help to ensure security and reliability. 8. Is alt.whistleblowing being archived? Paul Southworth is working on archiving the group. He currently archives `quite a number of conspiracy and political documents' on uglymouse.css.itd.umich.edu for anon ftp and gopher access. 9. What is the history of alt.whistleblowing? In ~Jan 1993 a newsgroup devoted to `whistleblowing' was proposed on the cypherpunk mailing list. The cypherpunks were especially receptive to certain aspects of the project, including the possibility of anonymous posting, governmental prodding, and exposure of abuses. However, group members were divided on `bare but immediate' or `grandiose but delayed' introduction of the group (in particular, the development of highly-refined, bullet-proof anonymous servers was sought as well as background support from prominent press and political organizations). Eventually the group was created by Miron Cuperman based on a charter written by L. Detweiler. Before the group was even created it was criticized on alt.config (the newsgroup that describes the creation of new groups) as `alt.witchhunt'. Notable whistleblowing incidents in this group: * NSA Grant Abuse (June 1993) Karen Loftstrom described dedicated attempts to ameliorate abuse in administration of an NSA grant. She was `given the runaround' by various government agencies and the local press, and fired from her job All happened long prior to the introduction of alt.whistleblowing. However, her posting introduced a high-profile incident to the group, and elicited uniform sympathy by repondents as well as postings with excellent recommendations and informative pointers to available resources for whistleblowers (many of which form the core of this FAQ). For more information on the cypherpunk mailing list see: The Privacy & Anonymity FAQ, obtained via anonymous FTP to rtfm.mit.edu:/pub/usenet/news.answers/net-privacy/ or newsgroups sci.crypt, alt.privacy, news.answers, sci.answers, alt.answers every 21 days. a. Most Wanted list * reliable archive for alt.whistleblowing. * volunteer to formally & officially monitor cancels to the newsgroup. * info on relevant government & private agencies (GAO info?). * impartial documentation & commentary on Anita Hill and David Baltimore cases as whistleblowing examples, or other famous cases e.g. Stewart & Feder. b. Change History v2.0 (Jan 94) Gilmore FOIA, Sillyregs, Transparency International info added. v1.1 (Jul 93) Submitted/archived to rtfm.mit.edu: /pub/usenet/news-answers/whistleblowing. Old W. Morgan quote inserted. v1.0 (Jun 93) Compiled from responses to the Lofstrom post, particularly by G. Welch, and other contributions by respondents to a rough draft & advertisement in the group, and editor's own material. Quotes from alt.config and the group. c. Quotes > You don't set out to be a hero. It is more a matter of not being > able to live with yourself if you do not do the right thing. -- Marie Ragghianti > While I fully support whistleblowers, I have to ask a simple > question. I ask this from the perspective of the whistleblowers > themselves, not as a third party looking in........ > > IS USENET THE PROPER PLACE FOR SUCH ACTIVITIES? > > Usenet cannot be all things to all people; as one person's > signature puts it, It's Only News. Is it really suited for > service as a forum for whistleblowing, career-threatening moral > stands, and the like? > > Usenet is an insecure medium; messages are easily forged, > misdirected, and simply black-holed. Message propagation is > fairly slow on the leaf nodes. There's no guarantee that your > message will even be seen by someone in a position to aid you. > There's no guarantee that a reader will believe the posting at > all, given the afore-mentioned forgery/disappearance/et cetera! > Can we really argue that Usenet is the proper forum for serious or > 'official' whistleblowing? > > ... the notion of Usenet as a channel for professional > whistleblowing or career disputes seems to be a disservice; I just > don't see it as the proper forum, and it offers little more than > the feeling of having something off your chest. -- Wes Morgan 25 Mar 93 23:03:31 GMT > The creation of this group is sought in the spirit that it is not a > crime to expose wrongdoing, but that it is a courageous, glorious, > commendable, and exceedingly dangerous pursuit. -- Group charter by L. Detweiler Wed, 19 May 1993 03:02:25 GMT > That's a very nice spirit to have, but what sort of traffic is the > group actually expected to carry? It sounds an awful lot like a > clone of alt.censorship. -- Tim Pierce Thu, 20 May 1993 00:41:32 GMT > Perhaps a better name would be alt.witchhunting. > > "Remember, kids, if you see someone being naughty, turn them in" -- Andrew Bulhak Thu, 20 May 1993 00:48:47 GMT > The group is intended for actual whistleblowing. -- Miron Cuperman Thu, 20 May 1993 07:51:20 GMT > Fine, but where is the line between whistleblowing, taletelling, > and witchhunting? Who decides where the line is drawn, and how do > they decide? If someone crosses the line in the group, will the > followup to that be a metawhistleblowing? -- Keith Lim Thu, 20 May 1993 23:01:21 GMT > Boy, I wish this group was around when I was in a similar > situation. -- Greg Welch 8 Jun 1993 12:59:43 GMT > If we can get a number of other whistleblowers posting here, or > people from organizations that support whistleblowers, perhaps we > can create some roup wisdom about how to blow the whistle > _effectively_. I certainly could have used some informed advice > when I started. -- Karen Lofstrom Wed, 9 Jun 1993 01:59:42 GMT This is the alt.whistleblower FAQ. FTP archived at rtfm.mit.edu:/pub/usenet/news.answers/whistleblowing. Posted to alt.answers, news.answers every 42 days. Maintained by .